{"id":412,"date":"2021-12-08T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/?p=412"},"modified":"2024-10-15T14:56:08","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T18:56:08","slug":"sma3-metric-institution-specific-economic-impact","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/2021\/sma3-metric-institution-specific-economic-impact\/","title":{"rendered":"SMA3 Metric: Institution-Specific (Economic Impact)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The institution-specific economic impact metric by itself is more like the differentiated contracts associated with SMA2 than all but the institutional strength\/focus. As with institutional strength\/focus this metric is another example of how SMA3 blends all three of <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2020.102197\">Adam\u2019s (2020)<\/a> PBF program types, with this metric being the second contractual performance metric amongst the other performance set-asides or reservation-type metrics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The institution-specific economic impact metric is the only metric where institutions both name the metric and the measure in SMA3, in contrast <a href=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/2019\/sma2-metrics-and-targets\/\">there were a total of 228 unique institutional metrics in SMA2<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This type of metric is not in use in any established PBF program except for Florida. Florida\u2019s PBF program has both a board of governors choice metric, currently \u201cpercent of bachelor\u2019s degrees without excess hours\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flbog.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/PBF-FAQs-10_metric_model-June2019.pdf\">State University System of Florida, 2019<\/a>) and a board of trustees choice, which is selected by each university\u2019s governors or trustees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implementation of the institution-specific (economic impact) metric<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s links to the types of measures each university chose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#co-op\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#co-op\">Co-op\/Intern\/Experience Related<\/a><ul><li>Brock University <\/li><li>Laurentian University<\/li><li>OTU (UOIT)<\/li><li>Universit\u00e9 de Hearst<\/li><li>University of Waterloo<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#economic\">Economic Impact on Ontario or Region(s)<\/a><ul><li>Lakehead University <\/li><li>Nipissing University<\/li><li>University of Guelph<\/li><li>University of Ottawa<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Trent University Economic<\/li><li>University of Windsor<\/li><li>Wilfrid Laurier University<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#partners\">Institutional partners<\/a><ul><li>OCADu<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#international\">International Student Enrolment<\/a><ul><li>Algoma University<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#inventions\">Invention Disclosures per AUTM Licensing Survey<\/a><ul><li>McMaster University<\/li><li>Western University<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#start-ups\">Start-ups<\/a><ul><li>Carleton University<\/li><li>Queen&#8217;s University<\/li><li>Ryerson University<\/li><li>University of Toronto<\/li><li>York University<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Each institution nominated its own unique economic impact subject and measure, but some themes emerge from the subjects of each measure. What follows is the five themes that emerge from the 21 institutional impact measures, subthemes on students\u2019 economic impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"co-op\">Theme: Co-op, internships, and experience related<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Brock University, Laurentian University, Ontario Tech University, and Universit\u00e9 de Hearst selected a subject that reflects students\u2019 contributions to the local economy in the form of the talent they provided to key industries in the form of co-op and experiential education placements. The University of Waterloo has chosen \u201ctotal earnings by co op students on work terms includes all reported earnings from employment in Canada and the United States, for the full 16 weeks of a co-op work term (stipends, travel allowances and other gratuities are excluded)\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/institutional-analysis-planning\/sites\/ca.institutional-analysis-planning\/files\/uploads\/files\/waterloo_-_sma3_agreement_-_final_posted.pdf\">University of Waterloo &amp; MCU, 2020, p. 14<\/a>). The first four highlight the contribution that students make to key industries in the local region, as well as the institutions\u2019 past successes. Universit\u00e9 de Hearst has placed the highest possible weighting on this metric across all five years, and their narrative speaks to their commitment to it. Placements would be affected by economic circumstances, but perhaps the relationship between the supply of students and the demand for placements is more manageable than the University of Waterloo\u2019s selection of salary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The University of Waterloo included a caveat in its narrative, which is perhaps the clearest admission that a target cannot be met across all SMA3 documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Subject to wider economic conditions, Waterloo expects this strong performance to continue. As acknowledged by MCU on the cover page to this agreement, the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the Ontario economy, which is projected to continue over the coming years. As a measure of overall economic impact, total earnings by Waterloo co-op students are expected to reflect the general state of the Ontario labour market and economy. As such, co-op earnings are expected to contract before recovering to pre-COVID-19 levels. Together with the Ontario government, Waterloo is committed to ensuring its students are equipped with the skills and competencies required to make significant economic impacts while helping to rebuild and strengthen the Ontario economy.<\/p><cite>(<a href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/institutional-analysis-planning\/sites\/ca.institutional-analysis-planning\/files\/uploads\/files\/waterloo_-_sma3_agreement_-_final_posted.pdf\">University of Waterloo &amp; MCU, 2020, p. 14<\/a>)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The University of Guelph made a similar statement to conclude its narrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"797\" src=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-1-1024x797.png\" alt=\"Important elements of chart described below. Drawn from tabular data in SMAs.\" class=\"wp-image-414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-1-1024x797.png 1024w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-1-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-1-768x597.png 768w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-1-1536x1195.png 1536w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-1-2048x1593.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The chart above depicts the placement-based metrics for Brock University, Laurentian, Ontario Tech University, and Universit\u00e9 de Hearst. <a href=\"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/vp-academic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/65\/Brock-University-SMA3-Agreement-August-31-2020-SIGNED-FINAL.pdf\">Brock University (2020<\/a>) noted this metric\u2019s alignment with the institution\u2019s strategic plans\u2019 priority to \u201cenhance the life and vitality of our local community and beyond\u201d (p. 14) resulting in the relatively high 20% weighting. Laurentian has also related its metric to several items in its institutional strategic plan. All four universities have tied the metric to activity in local regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each university has used differing definitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/vp-academic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/65\/Brock-University-SMA3-Agreement-August-31-2020-SIGNED-FINAL.pdf\">Brock University\u2019s (2020)<\/a> definition is \u201cannual count of Co-op student and practicum placements in the Niagara Region\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/vp-academic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/65\/Brock-University-SMA3-Agreement-August-31-2020-SIGNED-FINAL.pdf\">p. 14<\/a>). Laurentian University\u2019s definition is \u201cnumber of student course registrations in co-ops, internships, placements, and practicums (local, national, and international)\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-laurentian-university\">MCU &amp; Laurentian University, 2020, para. 83<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ontario Tech University\u2019s definition is \u201cthe number of assessment-based student work-related placements placed in Durham\/Northumberland Region\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-ontario-tech-university\">MCU &amp; Ontario Tech University, 2020, para. 75<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Universit\u00e9 de Hearst\u2019s definition is \u201cnumber of registrants (FTE) in internships\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-universite-de-hearst\">MCU &amp; Universit\u00e9 de Hearst, 2020, para. 79<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second Co-op, internships, and experience related chart depicts the student total earnings metrics for the <a href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/institutional-analysis-planning\/sites\/ca.institutional-analysis-planning\/files\/uploads\/files\/waterloo_-_sma3_agreement_-_final_posted.pdf\">University of Waterloo\u2019s (2020)<\/a> related student \u201ctotal earnings by students on co-op work terms\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/institutional-analysis-planning\/sites\/ca.institutional-analysis-planning\/files\/uploads\/files\/waterloo_-_sma3_agreement_-_final_posted.pdf\">p. 14<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"462\" src=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-2-1024x462.png\" alt=\"Important elements of chart described below. Drawn from tabular data in SMAs.\" class=\"wp-image-415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-2-1024x462.png 1024w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-2-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-2-768x347.png 768w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-2-1536x693.png 1536w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Theme-Co-op-Internships-and-Experience-Related-2-2048x925.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The University of Waterloo\u2019s narrative describes the University of Waterloo\u2019s most recent economic impact study, which was completed by Deloitte, and indicates the total benefit to employers that have hired a co-op student was approximately $525 million in 2018\u201319, with a total contribution of $567 million to Canada\u2019s GDP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"economic\">Theme: Economic impact on Ontario or region(s)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lakehead University, Nipissing University, the University of Guelph, the University of Ottawa, Trent University, the University of Windsor, and Wilfrid Laurier University all selected subjects that measured the economic impact of a mix of the institutions\u2019 current students, alumni, and staff on local economies or Ontario\u2019s GDP. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Economic-Impact-on-Ontario-or-Regions-1024x924.png\" alt=\"Economic Impact on Ontario or Region(s). Highlights described below. Tabular data available in SMA documents.\" class=\"wp-image-416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Economic-Impact-on-Ontario-or-Regions-1024x924.png 1024w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Economic-Impact-on-Ontario-or-Regions-300x271.png 300w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Economic-Impact-on-Ontario-or-Regions-768x693.png 768w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Economic-Impact-on-Ontario-or-Regions-1536x1386.png 1536w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Economic-Impact-on-Ontario-or-Regions-2048x1847.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Some institutions have distinguished between local students and those from outside the region who represent a financial flow into the region. This is ironically a distinction that likely has grown on paper during the COVID-19 related shift to remote learning. Students have greater opportunities to study at institutions outside of their home region without the need to relocate to the institution\u2019s region, but this does not grow in terms of the real impact of student spending in the region. Lakehead selected both its current students and the impact of alumni on Ontario\u2019s GDP, tying the logic of selecting this expansive measure to the impact of COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lakehead University\u2019s (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-lakehead-university\">MCU &amp; Lakehead University 2020<\/a>) metric, \u201ceconomic impact of Lakehead\u2019s students, staff, faculty, research activity, operations, and alumni on the provincial economy, reflecting the importance of Lakehead\u2019s local and regional role in Northwestern Ontario and Simcoe County\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-lakehead-university\">para. 120<\/a>). It measures the impact of Lakehead University on value-added GDP and was calculated using the Statistics Canada input\u2013output model, but Lakehead University is the only institution to include all students and alumni. The University of Guelph\u2019s \u201cThe direct economic impact of nonlocal student spending on Ontario\u2019s GDP\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-university-guelph\">MCU &amp; University of Guelph, para. 74<\/a>). demonstrated the flow of funds into the Guelph region by noting that nonlocal students total more than 85% of the University of Guelph\u2019s enrolment. Nipissing University\u2019s metric is the \u201ceconomic impact of students enrolled at Nipissing from outside North Bay based on the following Ontario average household expenditures: food, rent and public transportation\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-nipissing-university\">MCU &amp; Nipissing University, para, 73<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To calculate its current students\u2019 economic impact, the University of Ottawa combined official registration data with Statistics Canada figures on expenditures for rent, food, and transportation to demonstrate that students from outside of Ontario spend more than $40M per year in the region (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-university-ottawa\">MCU &amp; University of Ottawa, 2020, para. 82<\/a>). The University of Ottawa\u2019s definition states that \u201cthis metric quantifies annual spending by full-time out-of-province students who are living in Ontario\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-university-ottawa\">MCU &amp; University of Ottawa, 2020, para. 79<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trent University used a similar approach to represent spending by full-time students who come to Trent\u2019s Peterborough and Durham campuses from outside the City of Peterborough and the Regional Municipality of Durham (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-trent-university\">MCU &amp; Trent University, 2020, para. 93<\/a>). This measure uses the Statistic Canada independent Survey of Household Spending to indicate Trent University\u2019s direct connection to the local economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2019 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwindsor.ca\/president\/sites\/uwindsor.ca.president\/files\/university_of_windsor_-_sma3_agreement_-_august_31_2020.pdf\">University of Windsor (2020)<\/a> contracted KPMG to conduct an economic impact study. The study assessed nonlocal students\u2019 total expenditure in the local economy, which, in 2018\u201319, amounted to approximately $133 million (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwindsor.ca\/president\/sites\/uwindsor.ca.president\/files\/university_of_windsor_-_sma3_agreement_-_august_31_2020.pdf\">University of Windsor, 2020, p. 18<\/a>). The University of Windsor used the study\u2019s findings to calculate the economic impact of nonlocal students. Wilfred Laurier University uses its annual graduate outcomes survey to identify the number of students who graduate from Laurier who are staying to work in Ontario and multiply that by the average salary identified in the survey (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-wilfrid-laurier-university\">MCU &amp; Wilfred Laurier University, 2020, para. 91<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"partners\">Theme: Institutional partners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>OCAD University was alone in selecting the numbers of formalized partners with agreements that detail the exchange of mutually beneficial benefits between each party. Some of these partnerships include the city of Toronto and the University of Toronto. OCAD University\u2019s gallery system is also part of these partnerships. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ocadu.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/files\/OCAD%20University%20Strategic%20Mandate%20Agreement%2C%202020-2025.pdf\">OCAD University (2020)<\/a> has further defined a partnership as a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>contractual relationship with an organization outlined by a fully executed agreement with the university and which details the exchange of mutually advantageous benefits (e.g., cash, value in-kind of services or products, sponsorship, experience, access to talent, mentoring, research) with the exclusion of charitable gifts and business agreements. <\/p><cite>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ocadu.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/files\/OCAD%20University%20Strategic%20Mandate%20Agreement%2C%202020-2025.pdf\">OCAD University, 2020, p. 16<\/a>)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"347\" src=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Partners-1024x347.png\" alt=\"OCADu's Partnership growth and weighting.\" class=\"wp-image-419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Partners-1024x347.png 1024w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Partners-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Partners-768x260.png 768w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Partners-1536x520.png 1536w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Partners-2048x693.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>OCAD University\u2019s trajectory is above the institution\u2019s target.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"international\">Theme: International student enrolment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>International student enrolment can have a significant economic benefit to institutions and localities. International student tuition is unregulated in Ontario, where domestic tuition is subject to restrictions on the annual growth or even reductions, such as the January 17, 2019, 10% cut in regulated tuition announced by minister Fullerton. International tuition averages around twice as much as domestic tuition at Ontario institutions and represents an opportunity to recover revenue lost to inflation and tuition cuts. International students also represent a clear flow of finances from outside of a region into it. Algoma University embraced this assumption by noting in its narrative that it has been tasked by the government to look for operational efficiencies, but adds a caveat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"517\" src=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Algoma-international-1024x517.png\" alt=\"Algoma University's International student enrollment and metric weighting.\" class=\"wp-image-420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Algoma-international-1024x517.png 1024w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Algoma-international-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Algoma-international-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Algoma-international-1536x776.png 1536w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Algoma-international-2048x1035.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>it is unlikely that AU can add significant capacity to support data gathering. We have, therefore, concluded that the effective metric for AU here is international student FFTEs, in recognition of the economic value they bring to the communities in which we operate. We will track and report on the number of enrolled international student FFTEs by campus\/city location. <\/p><cite>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.algomau.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Signed-SMA3.pdf\">MCU &amp; Algoma University, 2020, para. 80<\/a>)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Algoma University is confident in making its targets, leading its narrative by stating it \u201cwill use international student enrolment by FFTE for this metric, recognizing that there will be no prospect of any reallocation of funds even if, as expected, we perform well. We have placed a relatively high weight on this category\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.algomau.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Signed-SMA3.pdf\">Algoma University &amp; MCU, 2021, p. 14<\/a>). Algoma University\u2019s SMA3 summarizes its measuring instrument as \u201cAlgoma University Enrolment Data Collection; Statistics Canada\/Global Affairs Economic Impact Multiplied\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.algomau.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Signed-SMA3.pdf\">Algoma University &amp; MCU, 2021, p. 14<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Algoma University\u2019s target is below the most recent historical result, but historical results have experienced a lot of variance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"inventions\">Theme: Invention disclosures per association of university technology licensing survey<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Both McMaster University and Western University have chosen a measure of institutional science-based research activity, specifically new inventions created at these institutions by faculty and other researchers and the related licensing activity of technology transfer offices. <a href=\"https:\/\/autm.net\/surveys-and-tools\/surveys\/licensing-survey\">The Association of University Technology (AUTM) licensing survey<\/a> comprises 70 Canadian institutions, including universities and colleges, hospitals and research institutions, national laboratories, and third-party technology investment firms. AUTM is a Washington-based nonprofit organization supporting the development of academic research that works with more than 800 similar institutions (<a href=\"https:\/\/autm.net\/AUTM\/media\/SurveyReportsPDF\/AUTM_2018_Canada_Licensing_Survey_without_Appendix.pdf\">Oliva et al., 2018<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Invention-disclosures-1024x542.png\" alt=\"Invention disclosures. See following text for highlights and SMA3 documents for tabular data.\" class=\"wp-image-424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Invention-disclosures-1024x542.png 1024w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Invention-disclosures-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Invention-disclosures-768x407.png 768w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Invention-disclosures-1536x813.png 1536w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Invention-disclosures-2048x1084.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The chart above suggests an upward trajectory for both institutions, but both institutions have assigned a low weighting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is interesting that both McMaster University and Western University have chosen the same measure, and that they chose one that requires the successful negotiation of a license\/option agreement, not just patents or other entries in public catalogues of discoveries. These technology transfers represent revenue for the institution; however, the knowledge benefits are not necessarily transferred to Ontario-based entities. The University of Toronto nominated &#8220;new invention disclosures&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.utoronto.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Toronto%20-%20SMA3%20Agreement%20-%20August%2031%2C%202020%20SIGNED%20FINAL_0.pdf\">University of Toronto &amp; MTCU, 2017, p. 18<\/a>) as a metric in SMA2. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The source for both university\u2019s metrics is the AUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey. AUTM only provides nonnational-aggregate, institution-level, data to AUTM members for a fee of USD $50, or nonmembers for a fee of USD $375. McMaster University\u2019s definition: The number of annual invention disclosures as reported in the AUTM Licensing Survey. Running total of licences and\/or option agreements (where the dollar value is $1,000 or more) and where the agreement is still in full force and effect (i.e., where the term has not expired nor has the agreement been prematurely terminated).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"start-ups\">Theme: Start-ups<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Each institution uses its own method for tracking start-ups and most of them start with the institution\u2019s own incubator, support programs, or similar catalyst systems. Carleton University, Queen\u2019s University, Ryerson University, the University of Toronto, and York University selected variations on the number of start-up firms created by students and graduates. Each university has its own definition of <em>start-ups<\/em>, as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Carleton University: \u201cNumber of companies founded with Principals directly connected to Carleton University . . . [which] will produce a detailed, comprehensive Carleton University Company Formation Impacts Database to track firms created by Carleton alumni, faculty, staff, and students\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-carleton-university\">MCU &amp; Carleton University, 2020, para. 115<\/a>).<\/li><li>Queen\u2019s University:<strong> \u201c<\/strong>Number of startups incubated or supported by a program\/service offered by Queen\u2019s each fiscal year\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-queens-university\">MCU &amp; Queen\u2019s University, 2020, para. 87<\/a>).<\/li><li>Ryerson University: \u201cNumber of startups present as reported to Canada Accelerator and Incubator Program (CAIP)\/Campus Linked Accelerators (CLA) programs, and equivalent reporting after conclusion of these funding programs\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-ryerson-university\">MCU &amp; Ryerson University, para. 94<\/a>).<\/li><li>University of Toronto: \u201cThe number of start-ups being actively supported by incubators and campus-led accelerators across the University\u2019s three campuses\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.utoronto.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Toronto%20-%20SMA3%20Agreement%20-%20August%2031%2C%202020%20SIGNED%20FINAL_0.pdf\">University of Toronto &amp; MCU, 2020, p. 15<\/a>).<\/li><li>York University: \u201cA start-up venture is a for-profit, non-profit, or social enterprise created by a student, faculty member, alumni, or community member that obtains mentorship, education, or space from York University for a period of three months or equivalent\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-york-university\">MCU &amp; York University, 2020, para. 85<\/a>).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ryerson University and York University had the same metric in SMA2, demonstrating consistency in self-determined metrics. <a href=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/2019\/sma2-metrics-and-targets\/\">Trent University did not continue its SMA2 start-up metric in SMA3.<\/a> These institutionally determined metrics appear to be the only instances of start-ups as a metric in PBF programs, but many institutions with these types of catalyst systems report the number of start-ups created as a key performance indicator. All institutions assign a high weighting in the first year but decrease the weighting as others become active.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"814\" src=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/startups-1024x814.png\" alt=\"SMA3 startups. See previous paragraphs for highlights. SMA3 documents contain tabular data.\" class=\"wp-image-425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/startups-1024x814.png 1024w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/startups-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/startups-768x611.png 768w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/startups-1536x1222.png 1536w, https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/startups-2048x1629.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Adam, Edmund. \u201c\u2018Governments Base Performance-Based Funding on Global Rankings Indicators\u2019: A Global Trend in Higher Education Finance or a Global Rankings Literature Fiction? A Comparative Analysis of Four Performance-Based Funding Programs.\u201d <em>International Journal of Educational Development<\/em> 76 (2020): 102197-. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2020.102197\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2020.102197<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Algoma University, and Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Algoma University [PDF],\u201d 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algomau.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Signed-SMA3.pdf\">https:\/\/www.algomau.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Signed-SMA3.pdf<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Brock University, and Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Brock University [PDF],\u201d 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/vp-academic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/65\/Brock-University-SMA3-Agreement-August-31-2020-SIGNED-FINAL.pdf\">https:\/\/brocku.ca\/vp-academic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/65\/Brock-University-SMA3-Agreement-August-31-2020-SIGNED-FINAL.pdf<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">McMaster University, and Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: McMaster University [PDF],\u201d 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/ira.mcmaster.ca\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/McMaster-SMA3-Agreement-August-31-2020-SIGNED-FINAL.pdf\">https:\/\/ira.mcmaster.ca\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/McMaster-SMA3-Agreement-August-31-2020-SIGNED-FINAL.pdf<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Oliva, Novac, Maya Collum, and Nadine Weedmark. \u201cAUTM Canadian Licensing Activity Survey: 2018.\u201d Washington, DC, 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/autm.net\/AUTM\/media\/SurveyReportsPDF\/AUTM_2018_Canada_Licensing_Survey_without_Appendix.pdf\">https:\/\/autm.net\/AUTM\/media\/SurveyReportsPDF\/AUTM_2018_Canada_Licensing_Survey_without_Appendix.pdf<\/a>. Ontario College of Art and Design (OCAD) University, and Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Ontario College of Arts and Design (OCAD) University [PDF],\u201d 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ocadu.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/files\/OCAD%20University%20Strategic%20Mandate%20Agreement%2C%202020-2025.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ocadu.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/files\/OCAD%20University%20Strategic%20Mandate%20Agreement%2C%202020-2025.pdf<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Carleton University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Carleton University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-carleton-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-carleton-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Lakehead University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Lakehead University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-lakehead-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-lakehead-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Laurentian University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Laurentian University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-laurentian-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-laurentian-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and McMaster University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: McMaster University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-mcmaster-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-mcmaster-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Nipissing University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Nipissing University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-nipissing-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-nipissing-university<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Ontario Tech University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Ontario Tech University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-ontario-tech-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-ontario-tech-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Queen\u2019s University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Queen\u2019s University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-queens-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-queens-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Ryerson University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Ryerson University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-ryerson-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-ryerson-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Trent University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Trent University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-trent-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-trent-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Universit\u00e9 de Hearst. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Universit\u00e9 de Hearst.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-universite-de-hearst\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-universite-de-hearst<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and University of Guelph. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: University of Guelph.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-university-guelph\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-university-guelph<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and University of Ottawa. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: University of Ottawa.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-university-ottawa\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-university-ottawa<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Western University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: Western University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-western-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-western-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and Wilfred Laurier University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement:\u00a0 Wilfrid Laurier University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-wilfrid-laurier-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-wilfrid-laurier-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities, and York University. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement:\u00a0 York University.\u201d Ontario.ca, September 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-york-university\">https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/2020-2025-strategic-mandate-agreement-york-university<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">State University System of Florida. \u201cBoard of Governors\u2019 Performance Funding Model (10 Metrics)\u00a0 Questions and Answers,\u201d June 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flbog.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/PBF-FAQs-10_metric_model-June2019.pdf\">https:\/\/www.flbog.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/PBF-FAQs-10_metric_model-June2019.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">University of Toronto, and Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: University of Toronto [PDF],\u201d 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.utoronto.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Toronto%20-%20SMA3%20Agreement%20-%20August%2031%2C%202020%20SIGNED%20FINAL_0.pdf\">https:\/\/www.utoronto.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Toronto%20-%20SMA3%20Agreement%20-%20August%2031%2C%202020%20SIGNED%20FINAL_0.pdf<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">University of Waterloo, and Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: University of Waterloo [PDF],\u201d 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/institutional-analysis-planning\/sites\/ca.institutional-analysis-planning\/files\/uploads\/files\/waterloo_-_sma3_agreement_-_final_posted.pdf\">https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/institutional-analysis-planning\/sites\/ca.institutional-analysis-planning\/files\/uploads\/files\/waterloo_-_sma3_agreement_-_final_posted.pdf<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">University of Windsor, and Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. \u201c2020-2025 Strategic Mandate Agreement: University of Windsor [PDF],\u201d 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwindsor.ca\/president\/sites\/uwindsor.ca.president\/files\/university_of_windsor_-_sma3_agreement_-_august_31_2020.pdf\">https:\/\/www.uwindsor.ca\/president\/sites\/uwindsor.ca.president\/files\/university_of_windsor_-_sma3_agreement_-_august_31_2020.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The institution-specific economic impact metric by itself is more like the differentiated contracts associated with SMA2 than all but the institutional strength\/focus. As with institutional strength\/focus this metric is another example of how SMA3 blends all three of Adam\u2019s (2020) PBF program types, with this metric being the second contractual performance metric amongst the other&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/2021\/sma3-metric-institution-specific-economic-impact\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">SMA3 Metric: Institution-Specific (Economic Impact)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":417,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,13,45,31],"tags":[73],"class_list":["post-412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ontario-2020-2025-smas","category-smas","category-sma3-handbook","category-university","tag-sam3"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=412"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":432,"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/412\/revisions\/432"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattclare.ca\/pse-policy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}